So I realized something: I've had this chair for almost a decade now. It's got this weird back support pillow that I always used, just assuming that the extra lumbar support must be good. But since my back really started acting up — that is, since I stopped working — I've been only in that chair, except last week, in which I spent a lot of hours in another good computer chair working on a friend's server. And I did notice that I wasn't in agony after half an hour, or even two hours, or even six. And it just now dawned on me that with my lumbar hyperlordosis, maybe that 'extra lumbar support' is actually just causing me to bend my back further in the way that it already is.
Luckily, one of the many things my ex left behind was her own computer chair, so I'll try that and see if it does me better. It already feels like it's making a difference. If it continues this way, I have to wonder if this chair actually fucked up my back all these years.